Contents

• General information on fish farming species
  • Introduction
  • A species for farming
  • Arctic charr as a farming species
  • Charr taxonomy
    • Life cycle
    • Geographical distribution (S.alpinus)
    • Spawning
    • Choice of feed.
  • Anatomy and physiology
    • Skin
    • Supportive system
    • Muscles
    • Heart and vascular/vasculatory system
    • Blood and blood formation (hematopoiesis)
    • Respiration
    • Swim bladder/Air bladder
    • Liquid (water) balance and the release of excreta Osmotic balance/control
    • Smolting - adjustment to saline water:
    • Kidneys
    • The alimentary tract
    • Energy housekeeping and metabolism
  • Perception/sensory organs
    • Sight
    • Hearing, balance and the sideline
    • Sense of smell and taste
  • The reproductive system and gametogenesis
    • Spermatogenesis
    • Oogenesis
    • Fertilization and water hardening
  • References
  
  
• Marketing Artic charr
  • Marketing
    • The new charr farmer
  • The production of Arctic charr and present markets
    • The customers
    • Marketing options
  
  
• Construction of a Charr farm
  • Projecting a fish farm
  • Location of site
  • Assessment of water supply and water properties
    • Groundwater
    • Surface water
  • Layout and construction plan of the farm
  • Conveying the water from the source
    • Construction of water source intake
    • Water piping
  • Fish tanks
    • General demands for fish tanks
    • Hydraulic properties
    • Types of tanks -- form and size
    • Materials
    • Inlet construction
    • Outlet construction
  • The setup of a thorough use system
  • Constructing for water quality
    • System for liming of the water
    • Ammonia
    • Methods for oxygen enrichment of water
    • Aeroation
    • Oxygenation using liquid oxygen
    • The cost of pumping water -why avoid pumps
  • Discharge of wastewater
    • Composition of wastewater
    • Environmental load
    • Treatment of wastewater
  • Operational permits
    • Environmental Impact Assessment
  • References
  
  
• Daily management
  • Broodfish and roe
    • Selection of broodfish
    • Feeding and treatment of broodfish
    • Assessment of sex and maturation
    • Spawning and care of roe
    • Temperature, roe maturation and degree-day
  • Part II Small fry
    • Hatching
    • Primary feeding
  • Part III: On-growing of charr
    • Temperature and growth rate
    • Feeding and feeding needs/demand
    • Feed factor and feed use/economy
    • Weight tests
    • Current speed
    • Density and growth
    • Size grading
  • Aquisition of fry and (assessment of) fry quality
    • Fry transport
    • Preparing fish for delivery
    • Sending fish to fish pathology labs
  • Premature sexual maturation
    • Condition factor
    • Salinity adjustment/tolerance
  • Feed and feeding
    • Fish feed
    • Feed types
    • Colorants
    • Fluctuations in taking of feed
    • Storage of dry feed
    • Self-feeding using pendulum feeder, other methods
    • Growth (growth assessment)
    • Assessing daily feeding requirements
    • Forecasting weight increase
  • Monitoring and recording of information
    • Determine feed requirements, feed rations and feeding strategies
  • Charr farming in cages
  • Wild charr in farming
  • Part IV.: Appendix
  • References
  
  
• Diseases, prevention and treatment
  • General introduction to fish diseases and fish farming
  • Fish
    • Defenses
    • Stress
    • Types of diseases
  • Disease symptoms of charr
    • Factors used in diagnosis
  • Environmental diseases
    • The effect of unfavourable environmental factors
    • Important environmental factors
    • Suspended solids
  • Diseases caused by parasites
    • Of parasites and their life cycle
    • Protozoans
    • Flat worms (Platyhelmintes)
    • Flukes (Trematoda)
    • Tapeworms (Cestoda)
    • Nematodes (Nematoda)
    • Acanthocephalans
    • Crustacea
    • Piscicola
  • Bacterial diseases
    • Diseases caused by Vibrio-species
    • Furunculosis and its variants (Aeromonas salmonicida)
    • Enteric redmouth disease (Yersinia ruckeri)
    • Bacterial kidney disease, BKD (Renibacterium salmoninarum)
    • Carnobacterium (Lactobacillus) piscicola, Lactococcus piscium, Vagococcus salmoninarum
    • Pseudomonas spp.
    • Aeromonas hydrophila
    • Mycobacterium spp.
    • Piscirickettsia salmonis
    • Epitheliocystis (Chlamydiales)
  • Viral diseases
    • ISA - Infectious salmon anaemia
    • VEN (Viral erythrocytic necrosis) and EIBS (Erythrocytic inclusion body syndrome)
    • SD - Sleeping disease
    • PD - Pancreatic disease
  • Fungal infections
  • Diseases in roe and fry
  • Sickness linked to nutrition
  • Preventive measures
    • Pathogens, infection routes and preventive measures
  • Prevent a pathogen from infecting farmed fish
  • Improving the defense mechanisms of fish
    • Optimal conditions
    • Vaccination
    • Vaccination methods
    • Important factors when vaccinating
    • Genetic selection for increased resistance
  • Chemical and medical treatment
    • Bathing treatment
    • Medicine through feed
    • Medicine by injections
    • Ban of slaughtering after medication
  • Health control
    • Diagnosis and analysis
    • Regular health inspection and analysis
    • Disposal of dead fish
  • EC legislation about fish diseases
  
  
• Slaughtering of Arctic charr
  • Slaughtering of charr
    • Slaughtering facilities
    • Laws and regulations
    • Crucial points at the slaughtering station
    • The slaughtering stations surroundings
    • Inside the slaughtering station
    • Selection of fish for slaughtering
    • Starvation before slaughtering
  • Slaughtering methods
    • Fish taken out of the water for slaughtering
    • Anaesthesia
    • Packaging
    • Labeling
  • Post harvest processing
  • Disposal of organic waste from slaughtering
  • Main cost factors
  • References
  
  
• Quality and safety management
  • Quality - what does it mean
    • Best quality
  • Factors which influence the quality of arctic charr
    • Sexual maturation
    • Environmental factors
    • Starvation
    • Handling during slaughtering
  • On internal controls
    • Quality Documents
    • A Quality Management System, HACCP and Environmental Management
  • To introduce HACCP Quality system on your farm
    • Preparing the system
    • Following the seven principals
  • Appendix 1 A Cleaning Plan
  • Appendix 2 A Decision Tree
  • Appendix 3 Suggestions for questions to be considered at the steps in the production process.
  • References
  
  
• Planning a Charr farm for profit
  • Planning a Charr Farm for Profit
  • The Business Plan
    • The Summary
    • The Business Idea and the Company, Owners and Management
    • The Marketing Plan
    • Financial Projections
  • Example: Planning a Fish Farm - a Feasibility Study
    • Preparatory Investigation: The Water Resource, Land and and Buildings, Market and Prices
    • The company and the business idea
    • Feasibility Study of a Simple Flow-through Farm
    • A Feasibility Study of a Thorough-use System
  • Putting it all together
  
  
• Index